Also means
rearmament
Usage Note
Aufrüstung is the buildup of military forces, from aufrüsten (to arm up). The opposite is Abrüstung (disarmament). Beyond the military, aufrüsten can mean to upgrade equipment, e.g. a computer. Largely uncountable in the military sense.
Examples
"Die einseitige Aufrüstung beunruhigte die Nachbarstaaten."
Natural Translation
The unilateral arms buildup alarmed the neighbouring states.
Literal Translation
The one-sided arms-buildup alarmed the neighbour-states.

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